Data Types & Arrays

Scalar types

Type	Description
int8, uint8	8-bit signed / unsigned integer
int16, uint16	16-bit signed / unsigned integer
int32, uint32	32-bit signed / unsigned integer
int64, uint64	64-bit signed / unsigned integer
float	Single-precision (32-bit) floating point
double	Double-precision (64-bit) floating point
char	A single character, written with single quotes, e.g. 'a'
string	UTF-8 text
bool	true / false

float vs double

float and double behave the same way except for precision/width. Mixing them promotes to double (the wider type); mixing either with an integer promotes to that floating type:

float half(int32 n) {
    return n / 2.0; // 2.0 is a double literal, but the result converts back to float
}

double combine(float a, double b) {
    return a + b; // float + double -> double
}

% (modulo) is not supported on float/double, same as before.

char

char literals use single quotes and support the same escape sequences as strings (\', \", \\, \n, \t, \r, \0). A char compares and converts like a small integer (its code point), but concatenates as the literal character rather than its numeric code:

bool isUpper(char c) { return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'; }

string gradeMessage(char grade) {
    return "Grade: " + grade; // "Grade: A", not "Grade: 65"
}

int32 nextCode(char c) { return c + 1; } // promotes to int32, e.g. 'a' -> 98
char nextChar(char c) { return c + 1; }  // stays char, e.g. 'a' -> 'b'

Arrays

Any scalar type can be turned into a typed array by appending [], e.g. int32[], string[], float[], char[].

int32 arraysDemo(int32 x) {
    int32[] nums = [1, 2, x];   // array literal
    push(nums, 10);             // nums = [1, 2, x, 10]
    int32 last = pop(nums);     // last = 10, nums = [1, 2, x]
    nums[0] = nums[0] + 5;      // in-place mutation via indexing
    return nums[0] + len(nums); // (1+5) + 3 = 9 when x == 3
}

Array built-ins

Function	Description
len(arr)	Number of elements in the array
push(arr, value)	Appends value, returns the new length
pop(arr)	Removes and returns the last element (runtime error if empty)
arr[i]	Read the element at index i
arr[i] = value	Write the element at index i

See Arrays example for a complete walkthrough.

Next: Operators.