Operators

Arithmetic

+, -, *, /, % with standard precedence. % (modulo) is integer-only; + - * / also work on float/double (mixing float and double promotes to double). char participates in arithmetic like a small integer (its code point), and + with a char and string concatenates the literal character.

int32 remainder(int32 a, int32 b) { return a % b; }

Bitwise (integers only)

&, |, ^, ~, <<, >> — char is treated as an integer here too (float/double are not).

int32 bitwiseDemo(int32 a, int32 b) {
    int32 andVal = a & b;
    int32 orVal  = a | b;
    int32 xorVal = a ^ b;
    int32 shlVal = a << 1;
    int32 shrVal = b >> 1;
    int32 notVal = ~a;
    return andVal + orVal + xorVal + shlVal + shrVal + notVal;
}

Logical (short-circuit)

!, &&, ||

bool shortCircuitDemo(bool x, bool y) {
    // The right-hand side is skipped once the left side decides the outcome.
    return (x && expensiveTrue()) || (y || expensiveFalse());
}

Assignment

=, and compound assignments +=, -=, *=, /=.

int32 accumulate(int32 n) {
    int32 total = 0;
    for (int32 i = 1; i <= n; i += 1) {
        total += i;
    }
    return total;
}

Note

Compound assignment on an external variable requires both a getter and a setter to be registered, since the interpreter needs to read-modify-write.

Ternary

int32 maxOf(int32 a, int32 b) {
    return a > b ? a : b;
}

Next: Control Flow.